Treatment of plants, fruits and vegetables to increase growth, eliminate insects and increase shelf-life with aloe vera gel

ABSTRACT

The present invention includes compositions and methods for the treatment of plants against pathogens, elimination of insects and to increase the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables that includes coating the plant with undiluted  aloe vera  gel.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/941,777, filed on Nov. 16, 2007, which claims priority to U.S.Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/859,336, filed Nov. 16, 2006, theentire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates in general to the field of treatments forplants, fruits and vegetables, and more particularly, to compositionsand methods for the treatment of plant against plant pathogens,eliminate insects and/or increase the shelf-life of fruits andvegetables.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Without limiting the scope of the invention, its background is describedin connection with the treatment of plants against pathogens.

In recent years research and development efforts for the treatment ofplant pathogens has focused on two main approaches, chemical andgenetic. Over the years, more and more powerful chemical agents havebeen developed and refined to prevent and treat plants. These chemicalagents are designed or isolated to affect a critical reproductive stepin the growth, maturation or division of the target organism. However,more often than not, the chemical agent has an effect on other plantsand animals.

An alternative approach has been to genetically modify the plant itself.For crops this has been a useful technique as the newly modified plantsmay be introduced in the next crop cycle and monitored. The chemical andgenetic have even been used in combination by modifying the plant toresist certain chemicals that the pathogens can not.

Examples of methods for protecting fruits may be found in U.S. Pat. No.4,946,694, issued to Gunnerson, et al., for a “Liquid coating forfruits.” These inventors teach an improved coating for sticky fruits anda process for preparing such coated fruits. More particularly, thecoating of the invention comprises a vegetable wax, a vegetable oil, awetting agent and a protein. The process is said to include the stepsof: (a) coating the fruit with a composition that includes a wettingagent and a suspension of a vegetable wax in a vegetable oil, (b) addingto the fruit a composition with a protein, (c) removing excess mixturefrom the fruit, and (d) drying the fruit. However, the addition ofprotein greatly increases the cost of the application and provides apotential substrate for attachment.

Yet another chemical coating is taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,039,470,issued to Kalmar, entitled “Preservative coating for fruits andvegetables.” This inventor coats fruits with a finely atomized spray ofan acid solution of benzimidazole that must be retained in a separatecorrosion resistant chamber prior to being mixed with the wax or resinsolution just prior to application.

Yet another coating is taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,783,342, issued toPolovina and entitled, “Polymeric film coating method for protectingplants, vegetables and fruit from drought,” which relates to a method ofpreserving plants during periods of drought by applying a solid, waterpermeable film which controls water loss, to the surface of the plants.The same film can also be used to preserve vegetables and fruit. Thewater permeable film is also effective to preserve cut flowers.

Finally, U.S. Pat. No. 5,922,774, issued to Winslow teaches a method forcontrolling plant damage by insect herbivores. Briefly, this patentteaches using chemically-synthesized anthraquinones to repelling insectherbivores from plant surfaces and deterring them from feeding on plantsurfaces by applying an aqueous dispersion of polycyclic quinone orprecursor thereof to the foliage of the plant and/or to the surroundingsoil in which the plant is rooted.

Despite the many efforts in this regard, nature finds a way tocircumvent and select for those pathogens that are no longer resistantto the chemical or the genetic modification. Furthermore, these methodsare most useful for those crops and plants that are replaced seasonallyor yearly. Trees, plants and crops that live for many years beforereplacement, however, are unable to benefit from the geneticmanipulation. Furthermore, many, many trees, plants and crops have notbeen able to be readily manipulated. These plants are still in need ofprotection and treatment from pathogens without an effect on the localenvironment, plants and fauna.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention includes compositions and methods for thetreatment of plants using aloe vera. It has been found that the presentinvention is a bio-degradable, non-toxic growth promoter. The aloe veracompositions of the present invention repel insects and other pests thataffect plant and fruit growth. While hundreds of thousands of tons ofpesticides are used by the agricultural and forestry industries everyyear, the industrial chemicals used are toxic, often non-biodegradable,enter water and food sources and their long-term impact on theenvironment is, at best unknown and in other cases known to bedetrimental. The present invention uses, for the first time, aloe verato treat plants to increase the size and biomass of plants. Thetreatment method and location include, e.g., the leaves, stalk, rootsand as a soil treatment.

The present invention includes compositions and methods for thetreatment of plants, fruits and vegetables to increase their shelf-life,repel unwanted parasites. In one embodiment, the present inventionincludes a method for treating plants by identifying a plant in need oftreatment against a pathogen or pest and coating the plant withundiluted untreated gelatinous material from aloe vera. The aloe veragel may be a liquid, dry, in gel or other form. The undiluted aloe veramay be freeze-dried, heat dried, vacuum dried, air-dried, spray-driedand combinations thereof for use or may be mixed for form a gel or aliquid. In some cases, a stabilizer, an anti-oxidant, a water-repellent,a UV absorbing material and/or an anti-microbial agent (e.g.,anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-helminth) may be added tothe aloe gel. Often the plant will be coated in situ. By plant it ismeant herein to include trees (monocots and dicots), plant cells, planttissue, seeds, seedlings, grafts, fruits, vegetables, sexually orasexually reproducing plants, hybrids, transgenics and the like. In someembodiment, the aloe gel may be heated or cooled prior to application,however, it may simply be provided at room or ambient temperature.

The present invention also includes a soil treatment that includes aneffective amount of an undiluted aloe vera gel adapted for delivery orrelease into soil to create a treated soil, wherein the plant grown inthe treated soil at least 25% larger than a non-treated plant and insome cases from 50 to 100% larger. The plant grown in the treated soilmay also be measured by an at least 25% larger fruit or vegetable than anon-treated plant and in some cases from 50 to 100% larger.

The present invention also includes a composition for treating plantsthat is an undiluted aloe vera gel adapted for delivery to one or moreplants, fruits or vegetables such that the aloe vera coats at least aportion of the plant, fruit or vegetable. The present invention enhancesthe amount of aloin in the gel. In one embodiment the aloe vera isconcentrated and may have an aloin content of greater than 1,000 ppm. Inanother embodiment the aloe vera is concentrated and may have an aloincontent from 600 ppm to 2,000 ppm. The present invention is obtained byseparating the solids and the liquids from aloe vera, whileconcentrating the aloin.

The present invention also includes a method for increasing the growthof a plant by treating the plant with an aloe vera gel with aloin,wherein the plant grows at least 25% larger than a non-treated plant.The aloe vera may be a liquid, a gel, dry, ground, whole or combinationsthereof. The aloe vera may be freeze-dried, heat dried, vacuum dried,air-dried, spray-dried and combinations thereof. The method of treatmentand the composition may also include adding to the aloe vera: astabilizer, anti-oxidant, a water-repellent, a UV absorbing agent, ananti-microbial agent, or combinations thereof. In one specificembodiment, the plant is coated in situ, in the soil, added as a soiltreatment, may be added at the base of the plant, may be sprayed ormisted on the leaves of the plant or combinations thereof.

It has also been found the using the present invention the plant, itsfruit or vegetable has an increase in the size and number of fruit orvegetable size, fruit or vegetable number and combinations thereof. Inone example, the plant is a tree. For large scale use, the aloe vera ofthe present invention may be formulated for aerial spraying. The presentinvention can be loaded into a bottle or canister that permits forformation of an aerosol, e.g., a canister with the aloe vera that may bepressurized or is under pressure for delivery of the payload in dropletform.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the features and advantages of thepresent invention, reference is now made to the detailed description ofthe invention along with the accompanying figures and in which:

FIGS. 1A and 1B shows a whole tomato plant treated with (1A) the aloevera preparation of the present invention or without treatment (1B);

FIG. 2 shows the leaves of a tomato plant treated with (2A) the aloevera preparation of the present invention or without treatment (2B);

FIG. 3 shows the fruits of a tomato plant treated with (left) the aloevera preparation of the present invention or without treatment (middleand right); and

FIG. 4 is a graph that compares the number of fruits from a tomato planttreated with the aloe vera preparation of the present invention orwithout treatment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

While the making and using of various embodiments of the presentinvention are discussed in detail below, it should be appreciated thatthe present invention provides many applicable inventive concepts thatcan be embodied in a wide variety of specific contexts. The specificembodiments discussed herein are merely illustrative of specific ways tomake and use the invention and do not delimit the scope of theinvention.

To facilitate the understanding of this invention, a number of terms aredefined below. Terms defined herein have meanings as commonly understoodby a person of ordinary skill in the areas relevant to the presentinvention. Terms such as “a”, “an” and “the” are not intended to referto only a singular entity, but include the general class of which aspecific example may be used for illustration. The terminology herein isused to describe specific embodiments of the invention, but their usagedoes not delimit the invention, except as outlined in the claims.

Aloe vera, a tropical or subtropical plant of the genus Aloe has lanceshaped leaves which contain a viscous but essentially clear gel which isgiven structural rigidity by hairlike connective fibers that run throughit. The clear gel of the aloe vera is to be distinguished from thethick, mucilaginous yellow juice that occurs about the base of the plantleaves and adjacent the rind of the leaf. This juice, known as aloin,has been used for many years as an ingredient in many cathartics andpurges. The aloin component of aloe vera includes, generally, severalanthraquinones. The anthraquinones for use with the present inventionmay includes those from aloe, senna, rhubarb, and Cascara buckthorn),fungi, lichens, and insects.

It is known that the therapeutic qualities of the clear gel of aloe veraleaves depend to a large extent on the freshness of the gel. Forexample, the pain of a jelly fish sting may be stopped not to recur byapplying the clear gel from a leaf that has just been cut, but if thegel has been exposed to air and light for about one and a half hours,these powers are greatly diminished if not lost. In some cases, however,relatively old unstabilized gel has been found to be effective andapparently the varying efficacy of a fresh gel for different medicinalpurposes reflects the fact that the gel is a complex mixture ofsubstances whose natural stability on exposure to air and light atdifferent temperatures differ from batch to batch.

The raw material for preparing the cold process stabilized aloe vera gelis obtained from the leaves of fully mature aloe vera plants. Forexample, four to five year old plants are used to ensure full maturityto obtain a higher quality of leaves containing a larger amount of gel.The plants are grown under controlled conditions so that the size andstructure of the leaves are more uniform, enabling accurate measurementand selection of quantities of materials to be used in the purificationprocess.

Aloe vera leaves are processed as soon as possible after cutting fromthe plant. Immediate processing of the aloe vera leaves preventsdegradative decomposition of the gel material as possible which beginsupon cutting due to natural enzymatic reactions as well as growth ofbacteria within the gel due to the presence of oxygen. After cutting,the aloe vera leaves are washed in water or a water and detergentmixture. The leaves are then washed with a suitable bacteriocide andfungicide. For example, the leaves can be soaked in a water and chlorinesolution for about 5 to 10 minutes, rinsed with sterilized water, anddried to limit any lint on the leaves.

The aloe vera gel is separated from the leaf by first slicing andgrinding the leaves. The most common method of removing the gel from therind is the hand-fillet method, although semi-automated and automatedmethods also exist. Any grinder known in the aloe vera art can be used.The clear aloe vera gel is then ground to form a gel that includesaloin. Often, the gel will include a solid phase or reticle, which isknown as the leaf pulp. It has been found that any finisher known in thealoe vera art can be used to separate the pure gel from the pulp.Briefly, the ground leaf mixture is fed into the finishing cavity, whichis a space created by a spiral with specially designed flights andcontained inside are a plurality of 360 degree cylindrical screenshaving openings on the order of one-quarter of an inch in diameter, toremove the large green pulpy portions, and ending with one having anopening on the order of 0.5 microns in diameter. As the spiral rotates,the more liquid phase of the ground leaf mixture is separated from thesolid phase as the liquid phase migrates toward the area outside thescreen. Once through the screen, the liquid phase flows into a fullyenclosed stainless steel pan. At this point, the aloe vera mixture isgenerally clear yellow color in appearance. The yellow color is due tothe presence of the aloin in the aloe vera mixture. Once separated fromthe liquid phase, the solid phase of the ground leaf mixture isdiscarded. One advantage of the hand-fillet method is the reduction inoverall aloin concentration, but not its elimination.

The filter that removes the carbon from the aloe vera mixture may be,e.g., a filter press, as is well known in the art of aloe veramanufacturing. A typical filter press is cylindrical in shape and thefilter press and filters are arranged in a horizontal position. In-line,continuous filtration systems are also applicable to remove unwantedcarbon powder. A filtering aid, such as diatomaceous earth, can be addedto the aloe vera mixture to enhance the filtering ability of the filterpress, if so desired. In some embodiments, a diatomaceous earth filtermay be used.

The mixture can be passed through an additional filter system to insureremoval of any remaining small amounts of carbon and other unwantedmaterial, if so desired. An example of such a filter system is a seriesof cartridge filters, ionic filters, size exclusion filters and the likethat are capable of removing material from the aloe vera mixture down toa size of on the order of 10 microns. The filters used in this step ofthe process are generally the cartridge type of filters that arecommonly used in the pharmaceutical industry. The filters may be denselypacked fiber material, a polypropylene or a positively chargedpolypropylene material.

To the extent necessary, removal of bacteria, fungi and other organismscan be accomplished by using a combination of methods to assure that allbacteria are removed. This can include the use of chemical compoundssuch as glucose oxidase, boiling, ultraviolet light and the use ofbacteria removing filters. In some embodiments, the aloe gel may alsoinclude additives or preservatives, e.g., sodium benzoate may be addedin sufficient quantities to obtain a 0.1% solution of sodium benzoate inthe final mixture. Another example of an additive may be a 0.1% solutionof glucose oxidase/catalase. After addition of the additives, these maybe incorporated into the gel using a mixer or blender and the componentsare mixed thoroughly for about 10 minutes. The gel is then allowed tosit for approximately 1 hour. To the extent needed, enough citric acidor other acid may added to the gel to adjust the pH to about 3.6.

After treatment in this manner the aloe vera composition may beconcentrated by lyophilization with liquid nitrogen to a predeterminedconcentrate volume if desired. It may then be transferred to amberbottles and kept in a cool place for future use. Or, as an alternative,it may be stored without such concentration in plastic-lined barrels.

The following example is set forth for the purpose of illustrating oneembodiment of the present invention and is not to be interpreted as alimitation there of or in any limiting fashion.

Example 1. Spraying, Dipping or Washing

The stabilized aloe vera gel preparations of the subject invention canbe effectively employed to coat fruits and vegetables in situ, e.g., byspraying by hand, spraying mechanically, via aerial spraying, dipping,washing by hand and the like. In this capacity, the ability of thestabilized aloe vera gel to fully coat the entire surface of the targetfruit or vegetable is especially useful. In one form, it was found thatthe aloe vera gel preparation of the subject invention had enhancedefficacy as well as enhanced ability to remain stable and substantiallyfree of bacteria or fungi for substantial periods of time.

FIGS. 1A and 1B shows a whole tomato plant treated with (1A) the aloevera preparation of the present invention or without treatment (1B).Briefly, aloe vera liquid or gel is used to treat the plant. In onemethod, an effective amount of the aloe vera is prayed on the entireplant. In one example, the hand-filleted aloe vera gel is dissolved 12ounces into one gallon of water and sprayed on the plant. As shown inFIG. 1, the plants were almost twice the size.

FIG. 2 shows a close-up of the leaves of a tomato plant treated with(2A) the aloe vera preparation of the present invention or withouttreatment (2B). Again, hand-filleted aloe vera gel is dissolved 12ounces into one gallon of water and sprayed on the leaves of the plant.The aloe vera treated plant was without infection, while the leaves ofthe non-treated plant show little if any attack from parasites.

FIG. 3 shows the fruits of a tomato plant treated with (left) the aloevera preparation of the present invention or without treatment (middleand right). The plants and the fruit was sprayed or misted with acomposition adapted for administration on the plant. For example, thealoe vera can be added without dilution, but may be diluted to 0.1, 0.5,1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 12, or 16 ounces of aloe in water.

FIG. 4 is a graph that compares the number of fruits from a tomato planttreated with the aloe vera preparation of the present invention orwithout treatment. In combination, FIGS. 3 and 4 demonstrate that thetreated tomato plants had an increase in both the number of fruits butalso their size. It is believed, but in no way a limitation, that thereduced stress on the plant from plant parasites leads to an increasefocus on plant growth and fruit production.

Example 2. Continuous Flow

In operation, a vat or source of pure aloe vera gel is pumped throughone or more nozzles over a bed or target fruits or vegetables. For acontinuous coating or spraying operation it is often convenient toprovide the fruit or vegetable into a coating or spraying location orchamber on a conveyor system. For recovery and recycling of the aloegel, a mesh may be used that permits the aloe gel to traverse thecoating location and enter a capture tank or vessel for recycling. Thealoe gel to coat the fruits or vegetables may be in liquid or powderform when sprayed.

In another form of continuous coating, the fruits or vegetables may beprovided by a linear conveyor system, a rotating system, a batch systemor combinations thereof. For use with any of these systems the pure aloegel may be in a liquid form, e.g., chilled, at room temperature or at anelevated temperature and the fruits and/or vegetables are exposed to thepure, undiluted aloe gel for 0.5, 1, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45 or 60 seconds.For other embodiments, the fruits and/or vegetables are exposed to thepure, undiluted aloe gel for 0.5, 1, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45 or 60 minutes.Most often, the pure aloe vera gel will be recycled and replenished asneeded based on the application, cleanliness of the fruits orvegetables, temperature, operating conditions, length of exposure to thefruits or vegetables and the like.

Example 3. In Situ Treatment of Plants

During growth and when there is the potential exposure to plantpathogens, plants may be treated by any number of methods with theundiluted aloe gel. Often, the plant is expected to continue to live andthe plant must be treated in situ, e.g., outdoors or indoors. Foroutdoor treatment, and depending on the local environmentalcircumstances it will often be important to treat the plants such thatrepeated exposure to water will not cause the effect of the aloe gel todiminish immediately. As such, any number of water-repellents may beused in conjunction with the present invention. One such repellent maybe wax that is included with the aloe gel at a temperature at which itis liquid but then solidifies upon a decrease in temperature, uponexposure to oxygen and the like. The water-repellent application will beparticularly useful for the treatment of plants, e.g., plants withfruits and vegetables, which are outdoors. Using the present invention,it is possible to treat entire plants, such as trees and even forests toameliorate the effects of a particular fungus, bacteria, virus or otherblight.

The present invention may also be used to treat plant cells, planttissues, seeds, seedlings, and the like, in situ, in vivo, in vitro andthe like. In fact, these plant cells may even be stored in the aloevera. It has been found that coating fruits and vegetables, before,during and/or after they have been picked significantly increases theshelf-life of the fruits or vegetables.

In fact, the present invention may be used in conjunction withanti-microbial agents that have an additive or a synergistic effect onthe affected plant or area. One distinct advantage of the presentinvention is that pure aloe gel is completely non-toxic to humans, petsand animals. When provided in a powder form, semi-powder form, as a gelor as a pure aloe gel droplet over an extended area, e.g., a forest orportion thereof, a line of prevention may be created to prevent andprotect entire areas with limited spraying. For example, the pure aloegel of the present invention may be used with conventionalaerial-spraying equipment and planes to deliver on crops, forest,regions and the like.

It will be understood that particular embodiments described herein areshown by way of illustration and not as limitations of the invention.The principal features of this invention can be employed in variousembodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. Thoseskilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no morethan routine experimentation, numerous equivalents to the specificprocedures described herein. Such equivalents are considered to bewithin the scope of this invention and are covered by the claims.

All publications and patent applications mentioned in the specificationare indicative of the level of skill of those skilled in the art towhich this invention pertains. All publications and patent applicationsare herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if eachindividual publication or patent application was specifically andindividually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

In the claims, all transitional phrases such as “comprising,”“including,” “carrying,” “having,” “containing,” “involving,” and thelike are to be understood to be open-ended, i.e., to mean including butnot limited to. Only the transitional phrases “consisting of” and“consisting essentially of,” respectively, shall be closed orsemi-closed transitional phrases.

All of the compositions and/or methods disclosed and claimed herein canbe made and executed without undue experimentation in light of thepresent disclosure. While the compositions and methods of this inventionhave been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will beapparent to those of skill in the art that variations may be applied tothe compositions and/or methods and in the steps or in the sequence ofsteps of the method described herein without departing from the concept,spirit and scope of the invention. More specifically, it will beapparent that certain agents which are both chemically andphysiologically related may be substituted for the agents describedherein while the same or similar results would be achieved. All suchsimilar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in theart are deemed to be within the spirit, scope and concept of theinvention as defined by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for repelling insects, consistingessentially of: identifying a plant in need of repelling insects andenhanced plant growth; and placing on the plant an effective amount ofan isolated and stabilized gel obtained from an aloe vera plant andenhanced with additional aloin in an amount sufficient to repel insectsand to enhance growth of the plant by at least 25% more than anon-treated plant, wherein the aloin-enhanced aloe vera gel repelsinsects from an area where insects are not desired, wherein the aloinenhancement is at least 600, 800, 1,000 or 2,000 ppm.
 2. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the aloe vera gel is dried, ground, whole orconcentrated.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the aloe vera gel issprayed on a plant, is placed on the soil at or about the plant, isintegrated into the soil of a plant, or combinations thereof.
 4. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the aloe vera gel is freeze-dried, heatdried, vacuum dried, air-dried, spray-dried and combinations thereof. 5.The method of claim 1, further comprising adding to the gel: astabilizer, anti-oxidant, a water-repellent, a UV absorbing agent, ananti-microbial agent, or combinations thereof.
 6. The method of claim 1,wherein the plant is coated in situ.
 7. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising the step of heating the aloe gel prior to application.
 8. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the plant comprises a fruit or vegetable. 9.A method for repelling insects, consisting essentially of: identifying aplant in need of repelling insects and enhanced plant growth; andplacing on the plant an effective amount of an isolated and stabilizedgel obtained from an aloe vera plant and enhanced with additional aloinin an amount sufficient to repel insects and to enhance growth of theplant by at least 25% more than a non-treated plant, wherein thealoin-enhanced aloe vera gel repels insects from an area where insectsare not desired.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the aloe vera gel isdried, ground, whole or concentrated.
 11. The method of claim 9, whereinthe aloe vera gel is sprayed on a plant, is placed on the soil at orabout the plant, is integrated into the soil of a plant, or combinationsthereof.
 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the aloe vera gel isfreeze-dried, heat dried, vacuum dried, air-dried, spray-dried andcombinations thereof.
 13. The method of claim 9, further comprisingadding to the gel: a stabilizer, anti-oxidant, a water-repellent, a UVabsorbing agent, an anti-microbial agent, or combinations thereof. 14.The method of claim 9, wherein the plant is coated in situ.
 15. Themethod of claim 9, further comprising the step of heating the aloe gelprior to application.
 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the plantcomprises a fruit or vegetable.